Comparative transcriptome profile reveals insight into the antibacterial immunity mechanism of the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) fed with soybean fermented broth during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure.

Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) is a common freshwater commercial fish species in China. The meat of this fish is a good source of protein and other nutrients that are needed for human health. Aquaculture challenges such as diseases and pest susceptibility, excessive density, and nutritional deficiency result in low production of loach rather than increased demand. Due to a lack of knowledge about the immune system of loaches, we carried out this study to better understand its antibacterial molecular mechanism. Here, we performed RNA sequencing from liver tissue obtained from soya bean-fermented fed loach after subjecting it to the LPS challenge. The results revealed a total of 18,399 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LPS-treated and control groups. There were 7482 DEGs that were upregulated and 10,917 DEGs were downregulated. The enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that the majority of DEGs were found to be abundant in the pathways of DNA replication, spliceosome, nucleotide exception repair, cell cycle, and Herpes simplex virus 1 infection. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis of 21 selected DEGs demonstrated that the transcriptomic data is extremely reliable. Overall, this study provides insight into the molecular features and control mechanisms of genes that affect loach growth. The availability of this information will also contribute to the enhancement of the breeding and protection of loach resources.

Surface-Induced 2D/1D Heterostructured Growth of ReS2/CoS2 for High-Performance Electrocatalysts.

Two-dimensional/one-dimensional (2D/1D) heterostructures have received much attention from researchers for their abundant catalytically active sites and low contact resistance due to formation of chemical bonds at the interface. The investigation of such heterostructures, however, is confined to lattice-matched materials, which severely limits the material candidates. Herein, we demonstrate a lattice-mismatched 2D/1D heterostructured electrocatalyst consisting of 2D ReS2 nanosheets and 1D CoS2 nanowires. We propose that the higher surface energy of the CoS2 nanowire and the lattice mismatch between 1D and 2D units are crucial for the growth process of ReS2 nanosheets. More importantly, the terminal S2- exposed on the surface of CoS2 nanowires serves not only as the nucleus of ReS2 nanosheets but also as a bridge to enhance electron transport efficiency. Thus, the ReS2/CoS2 heterostructures show outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction performance. This work is of general interest for the design of complex multidimensional nano-heterostructures with outstanding functionalities.

Enhanced charge transport in ReSe2-based 2D/3D electrodes for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.

Ultra-high-density rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) nanoflakes were synthesized on a porous carbon cloth (PCC) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Besides the two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) construction with more active catalytic sites, the small size effect together with the interfacial C-Se bonding facilitated the electron transport between ReSe2 and PCC. Hence, the heat-treated ReSe2@PCC with enhanced charge transport is by far the best performance electrode for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) among the state-of-the-art ReX2-based electrodes.

Direct growth of vertically aligned ReSe2 nanosheets on conductive electrode for electro-catalytic hydrogen production.

Two-dimensional electrocatalysts with high-density active sites together with a good charge transfer to the conductive substrates can improve their hydrogen evolution reaction performances. Typically, a good contact between catalyst and electrode to enhance charge transfer can be achieved by way of direct growth. However, a controllable growth of vertically aligned two-dimensional ReSe2 directly on conductive substrates as working electrodes is not reported. In this work, for the first time, vertically aligned ReSe2 nanosheets directly on conductive substrates (carbon cloth and glass carbon) are realized though a controllable chemical vapor deposition method. Compare to the way of transferring two-dimension ReSe2, the electrode with optimized growth of two-dimensional ReSe2 exhibits superior hydrogen evolution reaction performances.